Land Grab Essay

Rural Investment, and the Scramble for Food Security’ by Michael Kugelman and Susan L. Levenstein, has offered us: profound, multi-positional knowledge introduced by a large group of creators with substantial sources on one of the most intriguing marvels occurring inside our current monetary framework. From the surface it is by all accounts discussing how evolved food-secure countries are purchasing up areas of farmlands from the universes most food-shaky nations, however after a more profound investigate the book, this wonder and it’s complexities is a lot more prominent than that. There are twelves sections in this book, every part composed by an alternate writer or writers, getting into various viewpoints and points of view of this alleged â€Å"Land Grabbing† issue. The principal section (presentation) is composed by Michael Kugelman, trailed by some history by Derek Byerlee, a review by David Hallam, social and financial mplications by Alexandra Spieldoch and Sophia Murphy, natural effects by Laura A. German, Wouter M. J. Achten, and Manuel R. Guariguata, investors’ points of view by Gary R. Blumenthal, improving results by Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Helen Markelova, provincial points of view on Africa, Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union by Chido Makunike, Raul Q. Montemayor, Bastiaan P. Reydon and Vitor B. Fernandes, Carl Atkin separately, and polishes off with â€Å"Recommendations and Conclusion† by Michael Kugelman. The term â€Å"Land Grab† utilized on the book spread and in its pages portrays a huge owerful outside element that gain a lot of land that is generally utilized by nearby poor networks to create food as well as give other fundamental essential human needs. These people group are frequently uprooted not long after in light of the fact that they are restricted from the site in which they have developed and lived off of. This term (Land Grab) is utilized fittingly as Michael Kugelman and Susan L. Levenstein’s position on this issue is very basic and basically centered around the imbalances and other unfriendly impacts of this marvel. That being stated, the book despite everything mentions a couple xamples where there was a net positive result from these huge land renting exchanges. The book additionally acknowledges what’s occurring and takes on a practical method of moving toward this issue. Initially, we should recognize the hidden causes. The principal significant occasion that nave had huge effect on this worldwide farmland showcase was the food emergencies in 2007 and 2008. The worldwide costs of food has spiked, riots have expanded, and trade bans have been made to keep the accessibility and the costs of food low inside sending out countries. This made an immense issue for bringing in countries as their food security as being subverted. The more extravagant bringing in countries immediately began looking abroad to rent land for food security. These enormous scope land exchanges, be that as it may, is anything but another wonder, non-food wares, for example, tea and elastic has been delivered on rented land for quite a while, yet the measure of land being gained by these huge elements have never expanded so significantly previously. Evaluations of 203 million hectares to 230 million hectares of land have been endorsed or is under arrangement from 2000-2010. That is generally the size of Western Europe. With increments of urbanization (taking ver farmland), populace, food utilization, bio-fuel utilization, dry seasons, and the temperature rising causing diminishes in yields, it doesn't appear as though this land snatching pattern will stop at any point in the near future. Obviously when discussing underlying drivers, we can’t discard the impetuses for the host nations: better innovation, progressively nearby work, better ranch yields, better framework, and the vast majority of all, cash in the host’s pockets. In actuality, as a result of this lucrative chance, a ton of these countries are renting with exceptionally remiss guidelines, charge impetuses, charge occasions and different advantages and advantages, for example, Pakistan’s 100,000 men security power to ensure the rented land. So the reason is set, and since we’re right now implanted in this monetary framework, there’s no fleeing from it, in any event not for bound to happen. So what is the issue? That we need to investigate these contextual analyses. The contextual investigations introduced in the book are centered around the key areas of speculations from a sliding request: Africa, South E. Asia, Latin America, Central/Eastern Europe, and previous Soviet Union. The key financial specialists would incorporate yet isn't restricted to: capital rich food bringing in countries, for example, the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, China, Japan, South Korea, and India, it additionally incorporates agrarian business firms from the West. The book additionally specifies that it isn’t consistently the capital rich nations that are putting resources into these enormous areas of grounds, North Africa for instance is putting resources into Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asian countries are putting resources into each other’s soils. Comparative patterns for these situation contemplates show up more than once: advantages to nearby networks are generally not appearing, numerous neighborhood networks have been uprooted (Ex. A British venture in Uganda dislodged about 20,000 individuals), arge amounts of new water is being expended, and deforestation is quickly happening (Ex. Sub-Saharan Africa’s palm oil creation have caused 100% deforestation rates). These patterns ought not be astounding as a large portion of the host governments and financial specialists are in the market only for personal responsibility and demonstrate little respect to the effects ot poor nearby networks and the earth. These unfavorable impacts makes an issue of contention between the individuals and the huge elements in these land exchanges. We can see these contentions in Madagascar (South Korea’s arrangement to purchase 1. 3 million hectors of farmland started far reaching rotests in 2009 to cut down the administration), Uganda (Indian corporate interest in Uganda farmland has started savage reactions), and Kenya (Kenyans have promised to retaliate viciously in the wake of being ousted to suit a sugar estate). It is no big surprise since Pakistan has offered 100,000 men security power to ensure the rented land. What's more, with this 100,000 men security power, we can likewise observe degree of dismissal for these poor neighborhood nearby networks. The book closes with an increasingly hopeful point of view on this issue. It is extremely reasonable as it gives approaches to improve these exchanges, and ethically Just for veryone. It spoke a little about the expansion in straightforwardness regarding this matter. It itself has carried light to people in general and keeps on doing as such. In any case, not exclusively would the writers like to advise scholastics, strategy producers, agents, and the overall population, I accept that the writers of the book additionally plans to energize better arrangements for recruiting local people, selling the food back to neighborhood networks (a couple of contextual investigations in Asia has demonstrated that this pattern has happened and the advantages to nearby networks have really emerged [this gives us somewhat more trust later on in front of us]), and ensuring nature. Ideally the book will likewise have given enough data to impact have nations to make progressively powerful laws and guidelines and offer to help little holders (have nations are significantly more prohibitive on little holders than enormous financial specialists) so these nearby networks are not totally abused (examines propose that little holders are much increasingly effective, natural cordial, and ethically Just contrasted with large holders). The book likewise gives reveals a touch of insight into options, for example, dry spell safe cultivating innovation/techniques (less dependent to cultivate abroad) and Asia’s plan to type of rice pools so less elements gets traded off.

A Lesson Before Dying essays

A Lesson Before Dying papers All through the length of the book, the primary character persevered through various difficulties and issues. The fundamental characters difficulties and clashes experienced brought about an assortment of results. In the novel A Lesson before Dying Grant the fundamental character of the novel, Grant is the child of stick cutters on a Louisiana estate. At the point when his folks moved to California abandoning Grant, Grant's auntie assumed liability for his childhood. Throughout the following not many years, he functioned as the Pichots' task kid. He got wood in the winter and blossoms in the spring. He purchased nourishment for their larders. He hated his position, however it was the just a single accessible to him. At the point when he was mature enough, he left the ranch to go to school. After showing up in Bayonne, he found that he was as yet a nigger according to the white individuals. Award frequently scrutinizes his general public. He harshly disdains being dealt with like a se cond rate, and he can't remain to think about Jefferson's out of line detainment. For the greater part of the novel, nonetheless, he never appears to take care of these things. This is an extreme issue that Grant faces where he bottles out of frustration and sorrow and fails to address the circumstance. He yearns to flee, basically recognizing that society will never show signs of change from the prejudice and savagery he experiences from an everyday premise. Award unequivocally accepts that nobody can change society without being devastated simultaneously. Awards demeanor towards society and life impedes his potential for positive change. His failure in supporting society and his locale is additionally a difficult Grant faces. Indeed, even Jefferson's preliminary can't modify Grant's negative mentality. Award sees the evil of a framework intended to maintain the prevalence of one race over another. He sees the appointed authority and jury ridiculous rebuffing Jefferson. Award says that the appointed authority was white, the attorneys were white, and each individual from the jury was white too. Award proceeds to r... <! A Lesson Before Dying papers Envision living under the thumb of a lawful framework that neglected to give uniformity of rights, in view of the shade of ones skin. This was particularly valid for blacks living in the South during the mid twentieth century. With minimal government oversight and even less worry for the social liberties of minorities, the account of Jefferson in Earnest Gaines magnum opus A Lesson Before Dying, precisely delineates a dark keeps an eye on battle for a reasonable legitimate framework. Yet, to comprehend the equity of today, one should initially look at the shameful acts of the past. The historical backdrop of supposed Jim Crow laws, American legitimate reformers, and change law give us a knowledge into the history and accomplishments of the individuals who committed their lifes work to the fulfillment of a simply lawful procedure. So than, who was Jim Crow in any case? Jim Crow was a conventional name for any white man in dark cosmetics, mirroring dark culture or music. Be that as it may, when a great many people consider Jim Crow they consider laws, which avoided blacks from open vehicle and offices, juries, occupations, and neighborhoods. Gaines successfully depicts this polarity all through the novel with strong instances of this kind of segregation despite the fact that the entry of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution had allowed blacks indistinguishable lawful securities from whites. Be that as it may, after 1877, and the appointment of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, southern and Border States started limiting the freedoms of blacks. Tragically for blacks, the Supreme Court subverted the Constitutional assurances of blacks with the notorious Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow lifestyle. In 1890, Louisiana passed the Independent Car Law, which indicated to help traveler comfort by making equivalent yet discrete vehicles for blacks and whites. This was a stratagem. No open lodging, including railroad travel, gave blacks equivalent faciliti... <! An exercise before biting the dust expositions A Lesson Before Dying is a novel, which in detail repudiates, prejudice and in-equity ness all through the novel. Ernest J. Gainer the writer of the novel gives the peruser featured issues that were un-gratifyingly supporter inside the novel. Which Jeffersons Convection, there is likewise the issue which must do with the Fegregaation between the whites and the blacks inside this novel, and afterward there is Paul who sends message to perusers, that there is a hint of something better over the horizon for individuals to beat bigotry in the novel, A Lesson Before Dying. A Lesson Before Dying is a novel about, bigotry and in-equity ness, Ernest J. Ganes causes the peruser to get this, by the result and the continuous of Jeffersons preliminary s decision, a decision of a dark man who has, said to have killed 2 dark men Twelve white men state a dark man must bite the dust, and another white man sets the date and time without speaking with one dark individual An idiot does what others instruct him to do There is a mark on Jefferson of been a HOG or something that comes to requests, the legal advisor expresses that Jefferson is not exactly a person. He remarks on his absence of training, the state of his skull, his creature impulses and his African starting point. In the event that Grant Wiggins an informed person mind... <! A Lesson Before Dying expositions A Lesson Before Dying happens in a little Louisiana Cajun people group in the late 1940s. In the novel, Jefferson, a youthful dark man, is an accidental gathering to an alcohol store shoot out in which three men are slaughtered; being the main survivor, he is indicted for a homicide and condemned to death. Jeffersons character and physical appearance in the novel gives not just a relationship to the court and his cell, yet additionally associated with the land setting of the In the underlying setting of the novel, Jefferson sits in a court situated in rustic Louisiana, which is loaded up with outrage , pressure, disengagement, and quietness from the individuals in the room. This setting of the book underpins Jeffersons character in section 9 when Jeffersons character is presented. Jeffersons cell could be viewed as the subsequent setting or Jeffersons setting in the book. Jeffersons relationship to the court (starting setting) bolsters Jeffersons character in the jail. He is confined simply like in the court. There was an unfilled cell among Jefferson and the remainder of the detainees (Gaines 71). Jeffersons cell was not just disengaged like a court in rustic Louisiana, however tranquil. Jeffersons hushed up . . . He didnt answer (71). Because of Jeffersons disengagement and quietness, he has manufactured outrage inside. A resentment which had been developing since the court conviction. Nothing dont matter,he stated, gazing toward the The main setting of the novel is like Jeffersons cell setting. The three settings: the court , area of the town, and jail all have similitudes to Jeffersons character qualities. Topic: Jeffersons character speaks to race the best. The open door for equivalent portrayal for the African Americans in the book is appeared through Jefferson. There is a steady compariso... <! A Lesson Before Dying expositions In A Lesson Before Dying, Grant Wiggins, an African American teacher, ends up being conflicted between ...two spirits, two musings, two unreconciled strivings... while living in the South. Award is an informed individual, however is frequently disappointed by the manner in which he is treated by white individuals all through his town. While talking with a noticeable white individual around, he nearly feels he needs to stupefy his jargon just to fit in (48). In a network that is controlled and run only by white individuals, Grant is required to act in a specific way since he is accepted to be on a lower level in view of his skin shading. This conviction that he is a lower being a direct result of his skin shading, as DuBois calls attention to, causes a contention among oneself; Grant realizes hes taught and brilliant, he is very much aware of his circumstance, yet is uncertain about himself in light of the fact that others dont consistently consider him to be a knowledgeable African A merican who is attempting to improve the network, yet rather a Black individual, and they treat him like a lower being on the grounds that hes dark rather than with the regard that he merits. All through A Lesson Before Dying, Grant the two rejects and acknowledges having a twofold awareness. He manages the circumstance by working intimately with a death row detainee named Jefferson. Through Jefferson, Grant endeavors to determine the battle inside himself by helping Jefferson take care of himself despite the fact that white individuals all through the network venture to put down wagers on Jefferson about whether hellfire really be capable demonstrate hes not a creature (229). Award makes some troublesome memories seeing himself the manner in which he truly is instead of how other townspeople (essentially white individuals) think he is, so when Jefferson does in the end take care of himself, Grant comprehends that the American white cognizant he feels is inaccurate, and that you are what you accept... <! A Lesson Before Dying articles A Lesson before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines is a moving, amazing novel about a dark individual put waiting for capital punishment for a wrongdoing he didn't submit. In general, I thought the book was exceptionally motivating and elegantly composed, however had its downsides. The epic is set in the 1940's, the place Jefferson and two of his friends, burglarize a neighborhood store. Everyone was slaughtered with the exception of Jefferson, the main man who didn't discharge a solitary shot. He is accordingly placed in prison for no other explanation aside from being in an unlucky spot. He is then condemned to death by the hot seat. His caring auntie, Miss Emma, was mortified when the attendant considered Jefferson a hoard in broad daylight. She enlists Grant Wiggins, an informed teacher to help make Jefferson a man, and stroll to the seat. Award and Jefferson cooperate and following some minor lack of concern

Always Moving Forward An entry by Prof. Patrick Henry Winston

Always Moving Forward An entry by Prof. Patrick Henry Winston I thought you might enjoy the below blog by Professor Patrick Henry Winston ’65, SM ’67, PhD ’70, via Slice of MIT, reprinted with Prof. Winstons permission. Below that, I have also reprinted the USA Today article that Prof. Winston links to. Enjoy! Always Moving Forward by Professor Patrick Henry Winston ’65, SM ’67, PhD ’70 I went to the last football game of the season last night. I went because it wasn’t just any last football game, it was DeRon Brown’s last football game. I was drawn to it as if it were the last solar eclipse of the century. Now priorities are such that our football team is a true Division III team, and the players play for the love of the game. So when one of our players reaches DeRon’s levelâ€"rushing for 170 yards per game, attracting national attentionâ€"I just have to go see him play. I had taught DeRon Artificial Intelligence in 6.034 when he was a junior. As soon as I saw him, I went to the web for a look at the MIT football roster, and as I expected, there he was, along with the emerging story of his amazing record. DeRon showed up regularly in class, looked interested, and did well. So, I had to go, and I dragged my daugther, Sarah, also a senior, along on the trip to Endicott College. We quickly spotted DeRon’s mom, Kim, and dad, Chris. Kim wore a jacket with a big number 20, her son’s number; Chris looked just like his son. They had driven seven hours or so from their home in the small town of Galax, Virginia. Alas, DeRon got a mild concussion early in the game, so it wasn’t a night for his usual spectacular performance. But he was fun to watch anyway. He looked fast even when he was just standing still on the sidelines. After the game, I ran into David Nackoul, a standout lineman who graduated with a course VI degree a year ago. I asked him why DeRon was so good. He explained that DeRon is unlike other backs who, when they get in trouble, run sideways, run backwards, or start stutter stepping. “When DeRon makes a cut,” he said, “he always keeps moving forward.” What a motto that would make! Always moving forward. I must find someone who can translate that into Latin for me. At MIT, running back Brown discovers a formula for success By Kelly Whiteside, USA TODAY CAMBRIDGE, Mass. â€" MIT is a school defined by numbers. Everything, from the buildings to the names of courses, is numbered. Even one of the marching bands football cheers is a number. The members shout out the digits of pi. As in the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. But they dont stop at 3.14. This is MIT, after all. They go the distance, as in 3.14159265358979323846 and so on. So perhaps its fitting that MIT is home to the leading rusher in Division III: senior running back DeRon Brown, who is putting up big numbers again. Playing for the struggling Engineers (1-7, not such a great number), Brown is averaging 170 yards a game and has run for 1,360 yards and 10 touchdowns. It might come as a surprise that a running back from the nations premier science and technology school is leading the division in rushing. Actually, its probably a surprise to many that MIT has a football team. But Browns season isnt some statistical fluke. Last year he was second in Division III with a 181.6 average and a school-record 1,816 yards along with 22 TDs. I keep up with it, but Mike knows my stats better than I do, says Brown, a computer science and engineering major. Wide receiver Mike Fitzgerald is Browns best friend and a math major. Ask Fitzgerald about Browns numbers, and he produces an Excel spreadsheet. Brown, a 5-8, 185-pound team captain, has rushed for more than 100 yards in 17 of his last 18 games and is responsible for 58% of the teams total offense this season. Week in and week out, teams put eight, nine, 10 guys in the box. But once he finds a little crack, hes busting for a long run, first-year coach Chad Martinovich says. As Brown enters the final game of his career Saturday against Endicott College in Beverly, Mass., its significant that he has run for huge numbers on a one-win team behind a new no-huddle offense and a line that lost two starters to injuries. Beyond his ability, what also makes Brown, and his team, unique is the school where they juggle four-hour labs with two-hour practices, a place where theres no tug-of-war between football and academics. Schoolwork wins every time. Hes not a Division I player saying, I need to get a job in the NFL. Hes a computer programmer whos saying, I need to get a job at Google, Fitzgerald says. Its academic Located along a stretch of the Charles River across from downtown Boston, MIT is not your typical football program, even by Division III standards. Surrounded by buildings designed by architectural masters such as I.M. Pei sits quaint Henry G. Steinbrenner 27 Stadium. Yes, that Steinbrenner. In Boston. Georges father won a national title in the hurdles before competing in the 1928 Olympics. And yes, theres a number in the official name. The bleachers hold 1,600, but usually a smattering of fans fills the seats on game day. The school mascot, a fierce-looking beaver, is painted on the field. Why a beaver? Because a beaver is natures engineer, noted for remarkable mechanical skills and great industry. At MIT, there are 33 varsity sports, the most in Division III, and football is certainly not the big dog. The school was nationally ranked in 12 sports last year. Football practice is every day between 5 and 7 p.m., a sacrosanct time on campus in which no classes or labs are scheduled, giving students a much-needed sanctioned recess. In the New England Football Conference, which is a combined 2-10 this decade in the Division III playoffs, road games are a bus ride away, so theres no overnight travel. The head coach teaches physical education classes, and the assistants are part time. The Engineers make do with 56 players on their roster. Here the coaches know its academics first, says Brown (the school boasts it is the all-time D-III leader with 156 academic All-Americans). Were football players from 5 to 7 Monday through Friday, and we play football games on Saturdays. Academics has to be your No. 1 goal here. If its just football, youre going to fall behind. At Michigan, the season began with a debate about the balance between sports and academics amid allegations the time football players spent on their sport greatly exceeded the NCAAs 20-hour limit. In an NCAA survey released in 2008, major-college players said they spent an average of 44.8 hours a week on football compared with a little less than 40 hours on academics. At MIT, football players clock under 20 hours a week on their sport and most every other waking hour on academics. I have former players who are fighter pilots, doctors, CEOs, and they all say how everything is easier after MIT. It prepares you for whatever you want to do, says former football coach Dwight Smith, the patriarch of the program. MIT had fielded a team from 1881 to 1901 before undergraduates voted to abolish the sport. Smith revived the program, building it from a club sport to varsity in 1988 before retiring last season. Pride of Galax, Va. Brown ended up at MIT by recruiting himself. In public high school in Galax, Va., he knew he wanted to be a computer engineer, so he figured he might as well go to the best engineering school. Once I found out they had a football team, it was a win-win situation, he says. Class salutatorian, he applied to MIT and then sent Smith his high school tapes. Brown was also recruited by several Ivy League schools, which play a higher division of football, but his dream was MIT. Hell be the first college grad in his family. His father, Chris, is a police sergeant, and his mother, Kim, a grant-writing consultant. I was a country boy coming here, Brown says. Galax is a small town (pop: 6,837) where everyone knows everyone. Located in southwestern Virginia, in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Galax is best known for the Old Fiddlers Convention it has hosted annually since 1935. The towns slogan: The Best Pick in Virginia. When he made his decision to attend MIT, his major concern wasnt about the academic workload. When I first decided to come here, I was kind of scared, he says. I was like, wow, theres going to be a lot of nerds there. In truth, he found plenty of classmates just like his extroverted self. Still, the perception exists. People will find out where I go and say, Deep down youre just a nerd. Cant I be a smart athlete? With normal social skills? But I feel like other teams see us as nerds. Nerd or not, there is revenge. It comes after graduation. Athletes often do very well because they have to learn how to manage their time, and DeRon is a perfect example, says Patrick Henry Winston, an artificial intelligence and computer science professor who taught Brown last year. I see him as a successful kid. He was always engaged, just an extraordinarily well-rounded kid who you like to have in class because you know hes interested, intense, team-oriented and extremely likable. Brown is getting ready for life after MIT. He has interviewed at Google, Microsoft and Amazon and is also interested in working for a start-up, perhaps designing mobile applications. But Fitzgerald has other plans for him. His math major friend who wants to be the general manager of a sports team some day â€"Boston Celtics, are you listening? â€" thinks Brown deserves an invite to an NFL training camp. On Fitzgeralds spreadsheet, Browns stats and the conference rankings of the rushing defenses hes faced from the last two seasons are broken down. Fitzgeralds point: Browns yards a carry have improved as the Engineers have faced better rushing defenses in the second half of both seasons. This is impressive because, as Fitzgerald says, Were taking more and more of an academic pounding as the semester progresses, but the kid continues to produce and improve. Last year Fitzgerald worked as an intern with the Celtics and helped with the teams draft analysis. The Celtics had one pick, 58th overall, and Fitzgerald had his mind set on Tennessee-Martin guard Lester Hudson, based on his statistical analysis. The Celtics drafted Hudson. When they called Lester Hudsons name, it was as though I was getting drafted, Fitzgerald says. He has the same feeling about Brown. And the numbers to prove it. **** Leading rushers by division in NCAA football Division Player, school Carries Yards a game Football Bowl Subdivision Ryan Mathews, Fresno State 179 164.5 Championship Subdivision (FCS) Pat Paschall, North Dakota State 164 141.0 Division II Joique Bell, Wayne State (Mich.) 307 201.0 Division III DeRon Brown, MIT 260 170.0 Source: NCAA

Paper Recycling - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1493 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Environment Essay Level High school Topics: Recycling Essay Did you like this example? Paper Recycling Paper recycling is the process of recovering used papers for reuse in the production of new paper products. Waste papers may be obtained from the discarded paper material after consumer use. Recycling of many different products has been there for many years since recycling has been found to be cheaper than creating the virgin product. Paper recycling has been put in place as a way of curbing waste paper disposal. The aim of paper recycling is to conserve raw materials used in production, reduce energy use and reduce paper dumping effects on the environment. Paper recycling brings about environmental importance. Recycling makes the environment clean. Wastes have a wide range of negative impacts on the natural environment. It reduces greenhouse effects (Worrell and Reuter).Trees absorb carbon dioxide in the environment, and if more trees are cut down, there will be a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the air which in the long run brings about the greenhouse effect which may lead to diseases that can bring threat to a human for example asthma, respiratory allergies and air diseases. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Paper Recycling" essay for you Create order Paper recycling reduces pollution and avoids landfills. If paper materials are carelessly discarded, our environment will be filthy, and some papers will even be released into water sources like rivers and lakes bringing about water pollution (Schaub). This endangers aquatic lives like fish, crocodiles and plants also this can bring about diseases to a human for example cholera and typhoid. Also, domestic animals may be affected if they go take the polluted water directly mainly the cattle, sheep, and goats. On the other hand, if we decide to discard waste paper by burning them, air pollution will be the result which has an effect on both plants and human lives for example in human can result in lung cancer, asthma, respiratory disorders. Recycling paper also saves on space in landfills for other wastes that cannot be recycled hence this automatically save land for other purposes like farming in plants this lead to acid rain which affects the vegetation, and when human consume the same, it affects them negatively. Paper recycling saves on energy and water. During paper production, a lot of water and energy is used. The energy required for the first step of cutting trees to making pulp out of them is so much as compared to the energy required to make pulp out of waste papers (Worrell and Reuter). Research shows that recycling one ton waste paper saves energy capable of powering six American homes for six months and around seven thousand gallons of water this may add value to ones countrys economy for example the saved water can be used for other purposes like irrigation and there will be enough water supply for households also the spared energy can be supplied for other purposes like supplying to areas where there is shortage. Recycling conserves natural resources. If the paper is recycled, it means fewer trees will be cut down to make pulp used in paper production. Conservation of natural resources has been the goal of many environmentalists due to the limited supply of these resources; most countries are working towards the minimal use of these resources. From this human beings and wild animals can enjoy the advantages associated with trees, for example, trees act as windbreakers and are homes to some animals also trees bring about rain hence farming will be easy to perform. Paper dumping has several effects on the environment. The main effect associated with paper dumping is pollution. Paper pollution is a serious problem resulting from waste paper disposal. Paper and pulp making are among the top five pollutants in the world. During the production of paper, chlorine used in bleaching paper is released to water sources, air and soil; this causes soil toxicity hence farming will be affected, some microorganisms in the soil may die due to this. When paper decomposes, it emits methane gas which is more harmful than carbon dioxide. Deforestation is one of the effects associated with the careless use of paper this may lead to minimal or no rain and hence farming may be negatively affected also there will be no enough supply of fresh air which is associated with oxygen. Everyday trees are cut down for different reasons, and if people decide to plant a tree for each cut-down, it will take a long time before they grow big enough to serve their purposes. The paper and pulp industry are among the big contributors of deforestation and can be partly blamed for the global warming effect and for the extinction of some species of animals that live in the forest. Some indigenous trees have become extinct due to deforestation; these trees are mostly hardwood which is disparately needed for furniture making and construction purposes, some trees bring about tourism hence if depleted will cause problems in the sector. In North America, many paper companies are modifying their processes to reduce waste paper and curb paper pollution. One of the main solutions is paper recycling. The process of reusing waste papers helps save on tree cutting, careless discarding of waste paper and generally saves on the energy and water required in the production of new paper products. It also reduces pollution caused by paper mills especially if they are producing bleached paper (Waltham). The American, Environmental Protection Agency, has found out that paper recycling causes 35% water pollution and 74% less air pollution than making virgin paper. To deal with paper waste, it is encouraged that people take advantage of the current technology. With the availability of smartphones, computers, and tablets the use of paper can be reduced. Notes and important documents can be stored in them and can only be printed out when need be. Students can also read their notes on their phones and laptops (Edward). These help in reducing a lot of paperwork which might be carelessly disposed at the end of their use. In the office, paper can be recycled. For example, if one side of a paper has been used, you can assemble the papers then pin them together to make a notebook on the unused side instead of throwing them away (Schaub).In the same sense printed notes and research notes can be well stored and passed down to the next generation so that in future the same material does not have to be printed again. These can prevent up to 50% paper dumping and pollution and also saves some money for other uses hence add some value to the economy. Moreover, colleagues in the office can adopt the use of email for communication rather than having to write letters to their workers. This makes works easier for the employees. Employers can also keep records and information on office computers to avoid the use of manual means which is mainly paperwork (Kato, Yasuhiro, and Takao). Colleges and schools can also adopt the same, teachers and tutors can communicate with parents and students through mobile phones and emails to reduce the amount of paperwork. To curb paper waste and dumping countries like Australia and the United States have implemented high anti-dumping import duties on paper from Indonesia, this has increased the demand for recycled paper manufactured from its own countries (Press). This, overall, reduces the amount of waste paper being disposed of hence pollution of the environment is reduced. Finally, as a consumer of paper products, consumers can go further in reducing waste paper dumping by the way they use and dispose of paper waste. Individuals are encouraged to throw waste papers into recycle bins, buy products with least paper packaging since millions of dollars are spent in making the packages which at the end land in the garbage (Yacob, Melissa, and Hanafiah). Consumers can also take part in encouraging entrepreneurs to engage in business activities that follow environmentally friendly practices. There are many views on paper recycling process. Some of the views include the cost of the process, the effectiveness of the process, the benefits of the process to both people and the environment and the process recycling as a method of curbing global warming. From the discussion on the advantages of paper recycling, it can be concluded that the benefits by far overdo the challenges during the process. All people involved in the use of paper products should, therefore, work towards an environmentally friendly method of recycling waste paper. Works Cited BAJPAI, DR P. R. A. T. I. M. A. Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper. S.l.: ELSEVIER, 2017. Print. Kato, Yukitaka, Michihisa Koyama, Yasuhiro Fukushima, and Takao Nakagaki. Energy Technology Roadmaps of Japan: Future Energy Systems Based on Feasible Technologies Beyond 2030., 2016. Internet resource Press, Daniel. American Environmental Policy: The Failures of Compliance, Abatement, and Mitigation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd, 2015. Internet resource. Schaub, T. Ecai 2014. IOS Press, 2014. Internet resource. Yacob, Nor A, Mesliza Mohamed, and Hanafiah M. A. K. Megat. Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (rcstss 2014): Science and Technology., 2016. Internet resource.

Essay about Critical Book Review - 1170 Words

Critical Book Review Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Michelle Beel Liberty University Psych 307 Summary Dr. Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† gives insight to those who suffer from sexual addiction and to the families, friends and other people in their lives. Dr. Mark Lasser has chosen to write this book, to share with others his personal struggle and victory with sexual addiction. Dr. Lasser has written this book from a Christian view, to give other individuals hope in a difficult and growing disease, which is taking control and destroying our families. Lasser defines sexual addiction as â€Å"a sickness involving any type of uncontrollable sexual activity, and because the addict cannot control his†¦show more content†¦Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† there are 4 major themes being explored, Part One: What is Sexual Addiction? Here Dr. Lasser explains what sexual addiction is, and what the three building blocks of sexual addiction are â€Å"Sexual Fantasy, Pornography, and Mas turbation†. (Lasser, 2004, pp 28)Lasser expands on the different types of sexual addiction, and give us understanding of the different characteristic of the addiction. Major theme part 2: â€Å"The Roots of Sexual Addiction†, here Lassser gives the roots of sexual addiction and explains the reasonsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critical Book Review1166 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Critical Book Review Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Michelle Beel Liberty University Psych 307 Summary Dr. Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† gives insight to those who suffer from sexual addiction and to the families, friends and other people in their lives. Dr. Mark Lasser has chosen to write this book, to share with others his personal struggle and victory with sexual addiction. 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The Evolution of Total Quality Management Free Essays

Until the industrial revolution in the mid 18th century, most goods were custom made. Industrialisation brought about a fundamental shift from cottage industry production to large scale manufacturing. Simultaneously, industrial activity underwent extensive mechanisation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Total Quality Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now As explained by Ho, ‘craftsmen were diminishing and being replaced by mass production and repetitive work practices.’ The aim with the new industrial era was to produce large numbers of the same product which required processes to be put in place to control quality as it could not be left up to individuals. Cali explains that the shift away from the production of goods by individual craftsmen bought about the introduction of the assembly line between 1900 and1940 in America where products passed consecutively through various operations. Cali describes how ‘Standardisation became the trend’ adding that the prevailing management thinking at this time centred around keeping jobs simple and under close supervision. The expectation was that workers would meet standards only if closely supervised. The 2nd world war played a key role in the evolution of TQM. Factories geared up for mass production and were split into functional departments. At the end of the war, America undertook the rebuilding of Japan’s shattered economy. Amongst the many Americans that were sent to Japan to support this effort was Dr W Edwards Deming. He was instrumental in convincing the Japanese to adopt the principles of industrial efficiency and thus the development of the TQM theory was born. He advocated a climate of ‘continuous improvement’. â€Å"Listen to me† Deming told the Japanese â€Å"†¦and in 5 yrs you will be competing with the West. Keep listening and soon the West will be demanding protection from you†. Using his TQM principles, firstly with manufacturing and then to sales and other areas, the Japanese gradually developed their own version of TQM so that by the 1970s, they had begun to dominate some of the manufacturing markets. Deming believed they had done this because they had learned a fundamental principle of TQM that was summed up by Deming: â€Å"Nobody except the Japanese understand that as you improve quality, you also improve productivity.† During the 1970s, American’s position as the world’s foremost industrial power had begun to decline. For example, the U.S. share of the manufacturing market in 1970 was down to 17% from a high in the 1950s of 35% (Cali pg16). Brown believes that the reason for this decline can be partly explained by the way American companies practised the art of inspections in manufacturing products whilst their Japanese counterparts embraced the TQM consumer needs messages promoted by quality gurus including Feigenbaum who promoted the principle that â€Å"The total composite product and service characteristics †¦ through which the product or service in use will meet the expectation of the customer† (Feigenbaum in Brown et al, 2000, pg 194). The reaction by American firms to the success of Japanese was to adopt more of the principles taught by the American TQM gurus. Cali describes how ‘Many American companies achieved success by refocusing their attention on quality and by making satisfied customers their top priority.’ During the early days of manufacturing, inspections were seen as the best way to insure quality within a business. Ho explains that this is a process by which an operative’s work was inspected on a frequent bases and a decision was made on whether or not the individuals work was at a high enough standard. At the time this was seen as an acceptable way of insuring quality in a business, it become larger as the business grew and it created many inspection jobs. However, often as a business progresses, problems can be more advanced and therefore require more technical skill which quite often inspectors did not have due to a lack of training. This resulted in inspectors ignoring problems with products in order to increase output, which obviously led to poor products giving the business a bad image. So gradually, during the post-war years (as Cali explains) â€Å"†¦ a sea change began taking place in American management philosophy.† as managers began to understand that work of employees needed to be acknowledged and that workers needed to be consulted if quality was to be improved. In Deming’s book ‘Out of the Crisis’ he explains in his fourteen principles that inspection is not the way forward if a businesses is to ensure quality. He says â€Å"Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for massive inspection by building quality into the product in the first place† It is around the time that we begin to see the emergence of quality assurance with more emphasis focused on the training and development of staff, recording of data and the accuracy in which things were measured. Brown et all describes how â€Å"In the 1980s, leading-edge corporations sparked a revolution as they implemented Total Quality programmes across entire organisations. In such a programme the responsibility for quality is with the whole workforce. Each employee is responsible for the quality of their own job, their own actions. It could be said that responsibility for quality lies with 100% of the workforce. Another TQM guru, Joseph Juran also influenced the thinking at this time by promoting the need for education and training in the workforce so there is no need for inspection. He added that quality should be about â€Å"Fitness for purpose or use†. By the 1990s, TQM was becoming the buzz word in the global business world. Cali says in his introduction to TQM that â€Å"TQM is destined to become one of the most frequently used acronyms of the 1990s.† He went on to say that growing numbers of CEOs in the USA and abroad believed that TQM was the â€Å"†¦wave of the future.† Part of the evolution of TQM practice was the use of statistical quality control. This was quality control by using statistical methods. It was first introduced by an American physicist and statistician called Walter A. Stewart, famously known as the ‘father of statistical control’. His work was later progressed by Deming who applied statistical control methods in America during World War 2; he applied his methods to many strategically important products thus improving the quality and output of manufacturing. The term Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals in modern quality management practice. An example of this method is Six Sigma. According to Motorola: â€Å"Six Sigma has evolved over the last two decades and so has its definition.† The UK Department for Trade Industry explains that â€Å"Six sigma is a data driven method for achieving near perfect quality†. According to Berger, Six Sigma which began in 1986 as a statistically based method to reduce variation in electronic manufacturing processes in Motorola Inc is now considered to be the most popular TQM method in the history of TQM. Six sigma is an enormous brand in the world of corporate development. Today, more than 20 years on, Six Sigma is used as an all encompassing business performance methodology, all over the world, in organisations as diverse as local government departments, hospitals, banks and multi national co operations. The establishment of modern day TQM tools and technologies such as Six Sigma brings the evolution of TQM full circle. We’ve seen that quality evolution has become the quality revolution. In a relatively short time many companies have chosen quality as a strategic goal. As noted in Tom Peters’ and Nancy Austin’s seminal work, A Passion for Excellence, explains that ‘†¦. winners compete by delivering a product that supplies superior value, rather than one that costs less’ We’ve seen from the Japanese that a focus on quality can bring success in terms of market share and profits. Companies in the West such as M S and Mercedes Benz have shown that improved market share comes from doing the right things, all the time. Crosby very interestingly emphasizes the principle of â€Å"doing it right the first time† which means instead of having an inspection on quality, just make sure it is already up to scratch. Cali believes that the ‘process of continued improvement’ was a key stage in the evolution of TQM. He suggests that the Japanese consider quality an integral part of product and process design. Cali adds â€Å"In the United States 20-25% of production cost goes to the quality assurance personnel who find and correct mistakes. In Japan, only 3 per cent of production cost is spent this way.† Cali explains that the Japanese use TQM methods by assigning the in-process inspection to individual production workers who complete elementary statistical analyses and are authorised to take basic corrective action. â€Å"The result is greater individual pride in workmanship and higher employee motivation† says Cali. . Surely this is the essence of TQM and brings the evolution of TQM full circle? In conclusion, this discussion has attempted to explain how the evolution of TQM can be traced back to the early days of the industrial revolution with its principles of inspection and focus on measuring the product to the sophisticated systems for improving and managing quality which we have come to know today. The key point to conclude with is that the change in quality management culture from ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ to ‘if it ain’t perfect, continue to improve it’ was not sequential nor was it down to an individual guru or country but as this discussion has outlined it evolved more through a combination of developments in inspections, quality control, quality assurance and ultimately in the way these processes were managed and delivered. How to cite The Evolution of Total Quality Management, Essay examples

There Was A Man Named Josiah Franklin. He Owned A Candle And Soap Shop Essay Example For Students

There Was A Man Named Josiah Franklin. He Owned A Candle And Soap Shop Essay in Boston, Massachusetts. The sign for the shop was shaped like a blue ball. Josiah had children, but there were often not living at home. Josiah invited guests to his home to talk and teach his children, but the guests were not aware that they were invited to teach the Franklin children. Both Josiah and his wife felt strongly about educating their children; they took their childrens education very seriously. Benjamin, one of their children, always listened to the guests; he was a very bright child. Benjamin taught himself to read when he was only five years old. His parents wished that they could send Ben to school, but they were very poor. We will write a custom essay on There Was A Man Named Josiah Franklin. He Owned A Candle And Soap Shop specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Once three very important men visited Josiah and told him of a new law which said that children must attend school. Josiah sent Ben to the Boston Latin School because the only expenses were books and fire wood. At the Latin School all the children were expected to learn fables by heart. The fables had lessons which the school master thought was an important part of learning. Bens best friends name was Nathan. Ben helped Nathan learn the fable The Wolf and the Kid, while Ben learned The Dog and his Shadow. At the time of the recital of the fables the school master said, and Ben will recite The Wolf and the Kid, which was Nathans fable. Ben thought, If I say that it is Nathans fable, then the school master will get into trouble. If I recite the fable, then Nathan will get into trouble. Ben did nothing; he simply stood there looking up into the sky. Everyone said that Ben was lazy and that he could not even learn one fable. Josiah Franklin stood up and explained his sons behavior and th e school master was very embarrassed. Josiah and Nathans father both took their sons to the Writing School. Ben was good in every subject except math. An example of the type of math that Ben had trouble with is; 848 plus 262 equals 101010. Poor Ben would get a zero but his teacher would not explain the math to him. Ben loved science and frequently did experiments. His first experiment was paddles to make him swim faster. When he tried his newly invented paddles he found that although he could swim faster the paddles hurt his wrists. Next he made a kite which could pull him across the pond and he found this an enjoyable experience. Ben and Nathan bought parts of a sailboat which they repaired and made perfect. When Ben got older he became his fathers apprentice in the candle and soap shop. Ben, the only son who worked in the family business, treated the customers well and helped his father. After working with his father for several years Ben became his brothers apprentice in a print shop. Ben made a deal with his brother. His brother would pay for half the cost of Bens dinner and Ben would pay for his own food, and the leftover money would be spent on books. Ben wrote stories for the local newspaper about the problems Boston was having. When he wrote these articles he used a pen name and even his brother did not know that Ben was the author of the articles. Ben thought that if he wrote about the problems of the city, the other Bostonians would be embarrassed and would fix the problems before other people made jokes about Boston. Eventually people found out that Ben was the author of these articles and Bens brother became jealous and mean to him. .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b , .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .postImageUrl , .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b , .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:hover , .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:visited , .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:active { border:0!important; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:active , .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ac27cc309abf8615cf9a2b434d6132b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business law EssayBen left Boston and moved to Philadelphia where he set up his own printing business. He printed the famous Poor Richards Almanac a best seller and decided that he would be print it every twenty-five years. He never stopped experimenting and is known for inventions such as; bifocal glasses, the rocking chair and his most famous experiment showing how lightening can produce electricity. Ben became a famous politician, a minister to France, and traveled to Europe and talked about the American cause. He died on April 17, 1790. QUESTIONS1. Where did Ben live when he was young?2. What was Bens fathers name?3. What was his fathers occupation?4. What was the color and shape of the sign above his fathers shop?5. How did the Franklin children become educated?6. What did Ben do during while the guests were talking?7. What accomplishment did Ben do at the age of 5?8. Why couldnt Ben go to school regularly?9. How many men came to Josiah to tell him about the new school law?10. What was the new law?11. What school did Ben go to, at first?12. What was his best friends name?13. What did people think of Ben when he was supposed to recite a able?14. Why didnt Ben speak, at the recital?15. Who explained Bens behavior, at the recital?16. What was the school masters mistake?17. Where did Ben go to school next?18. Who else went to that school?19. What was Bens weak subject?20. Can you solve Bens math problem?21. What was Bens first experiment?22. What was the outcome of this experiment?23. What was his second experiment?24. What was the outcome of the second experiment?25. How did Ben make a sailboat?26. Who was he first an apprentice to?27. Later, he became an apprentice for whom?28. What was Bens brothers occupation?29. What deal did Ben make with his brother?30. Why did he make this deal?31. What did Ben write stories in the newspaper about?32. Where did Ben move to after he left Boston?33. What was his occupation there?34. What famous book is Ben Franklin known for?35. What were some of his inventions?36. Which country was he a minister to?37. When did Ben Franklin die?ANSWERS1. Boston2. Josiah3. candles and soap4. a blue ball5. their parents and guests6. Ben listened and learned7. taught himself to read8. the family was too poor9. 310. all children must attend school11. Boston Latin School12. Nathan13. he was lazy14. he didnt want to embarrass either Nathan or the school master15. his father16. announced Nathans fable as Bens fable17. Writing School18. Nathan19. math20. he didnt carry properly21. swimming paddles22. swam faster but his wrists hurt23. a kite to pull him across the pond24. he had fun being pulled across25. with spare parts26. his father27. his brother28. a printer29. dinner half paid for by his brother30. money for books31. problems in Boston32. Philadelphia33. printer34. Poor Richards Almanac35. bifocals, rocking chair and electricity36. France37. April 17, 1790

Understanding German Synonyms

Understanding German Synonyms This is a Thesaurus, not a dictionary! As in English, German words often have more than one meaning or take on a different meaning in various contexts.  For example, the German adjective  bà ¶se  can mean all of the following: angry, mad, mean, bad, evil, naughty, wicked, nasty, terrible. The German synonyms listed under   bà ¶se  may or may not carry the same meaning as well. In fact, most linguists claim there is no such thing as a true synonym because no two words can mean precisely the same thing. Terms listed as slang (sl.) or vulgar (vul.) should only be used if you really know what youre doing. Otherwise, you run the risk of just sounding stupid ( blà ¶d) and foolish (lcherlich).   Abbreviations:  adj.  (adjective),  adv.  (adverb),  sl.  (slang),  n.  (noun),  pl.  (plural),  v.  (verb),  vul.(vulgar)Noun genders  are indicated by r  (der, masc.),  e  (die, fem.),  s  (das, neu.) Items are listed alphabetically by their basic German terms (e.g.,  sprechen  under S or  gut  under G). A akzeptieren  v.   See  annehmen  below. annehmen  v.  Ã‚   adoptieren, akzeptieren, bejahen, billigen, entgegennehmen, gelten lassen, gutheißen, hinnehmen, nehmen auch  adv.  Ã‚   auch noch, desgleichen, dit(t)o, ebenfalls, ebenso, gleichfalls, gleichermaßen, noch dazu, noch obendrein B bà ¶se  adj./adv.  Ã‚   bà ¶sartig, boshaft, bà ¶swillig, heimtà ¼ckisch, schdlich, schlecht, schlimm, teuflisch, à ¼bel, ungut, verrgert, verletzend, verleumderisch, unerfreulich, weh bunt  adj./adv.  Ã‚   farbenfroh, farbig, farbenprchtig, gefrbt, grell, kaleidoskopisch, koloriert, kunterbunt, mehrfarbig, polychrom, vielfarbig D Danke,  danken  Ã‚   See:  10 Ways to Say Thank You in German denken  v.  Ã‚   glauben, halten von, meinen, nachdenken à ¼ber, à ¼berlegen, sich vorstellen umm  adj./adv.  Ã‚   aus Dummsdorf (sl.), beknackt (sl.), benommen, benebelt, bescheuert, blà ¶d, dmlich, deppert / teppert (S. Ger., Austria), doof, dumm wie Bohnenstroh, dà ¼mmer als die Polizei erlaubt, hirnlos, idiotisch, lcherlich, saublà ¶d, saudumm, schwach im Kopf, schwachkà ¶pfig, sinnlos, stockdumm, unintelligent r Dummkopf  n.   Ã‚   e/r Blà ¶de, r Blà ¶dmann, r Depp (S. Ger., Austria), r Doofi (sl.), r Doofmann, e/r Dumme, e (blà ¶de) Gans, r Idiot, kein großes Licht, r Narr, r Tor.  Ã‚   Also see  Versager. dunkel  adj.  Ã‚   abendlich, beschattet, dmmerig, dà ¼ster, finster, lichtlos, obskur, schattenhaft, schwarz, stockfinster, trà ¼be E einsam  adj./adv.  Ã‚   allein, leer, à ¶de, verlassen F fahren  v.  Ã‚   abfahren, befahren, bereisen, sich bewegen, dahinfahren, durchreisen, fliegen, fliessen, fà ¼hren, gehen, gleiten, kommen, losfahren, losgehen, pendeln, eine Reise machen, reisen, segeln, vergehen (Zeit), wandern, wegfahren, weggehen, weiterbefà ¶rdern, (viele Kilometer) zurà ¼cklegen freundlich  adj./adv.   Ã‚   angenehm, freundlicherweise, freundschaftlich, lieb, liebenswà ¼rdig, nett, sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸ froh  adj./adv.   Ã‚   See  glà ¼cklich  below. G gehen  v.  Ã‚   See  fahren  above. glà ¼cklich  adj./adv.  Ã‚   amà ¼siert, entzà ¼ckt, erfreulich, erfreulicherweise, erfreut, erleichtert, freudig, froh, frà ¶hlich, gelungen, gutmà ¼tig, gut gelaunt, heiter, hocherfreut, ohne Sorgen, selig, sorglos, unbekà ¼mmert, vergnà ¼gt, zufrieden groß  adj./adv.  Ã‚   ausgedehnt, bedeutend, betrchtlich, dick, enorm, erwachsen, gewaltig, gigantisch, großartig, hoch, immens, kolossal, krftig, lang, mchtig, riesig, total, umfangreich, unendlich, unermesslich, ungeheuer, weitreichend, wichtig gut  adj./adv.  Ã‚   angenehm, anstndig, artig, ausgezeichnet, brav, erfreulich, erfreulicherweise, geil (sl.), herrlich, klasse, lieb, OK, ordentlich, positiv, prima, schà ¶n, spitze, tadellos, toll H hsslich  adj./adv.  Ã‚   entsetzlich, gemein, grauenhaft, scheußlich, schrecklich, à ¼bel, unangenehm, unschà ¶n, wenig attraktiv heiß/warm  adj.  Ã‚   brennend, flammend, glà ¼hend, hitzig, schwà ¼l, siedend, sommerlich, tropisch warm  also has the meaning of queer, gay, or homosexual:  ein warmer Bruder a gay man; do not confuse the adjectives  schwà ¼l  (humid) and   schwul  (gay, homosexual). I intelligent  adj./adv.  Ã‚   aufmerksam, begabt, clever, einsichtig, gebildet, genial, gerissen, gescheit, geschickt, gewitzt, hell, klug, klugerweise, kultiviert, raffiniert, scharf, scharfsinnig, schlau, sinnvoll, vernà ¼nftig, unschicklich, vernà ¼nftig, weise J jetzt  adv.  Ã‚   eben, gerade, gleich, heutzutage, im Moment, nun, soeben, sofort, zur Zeit K kalt  adj.  Ã‚  Ã‚  temperature:  bitterkalt, eisig, eiskalt, frieren, frigid, frostig, gefroren, kà ¼hl, ungeheizt, verfroren  Ã‚  Ã‚  klirrende Klte  bitter cold  Ã‚  Ã‚  attitude:  bedenkenlos, bissig, bitter, entmenscht, erbarmungslos, frostig, gnadenlos, hart, insensibel, kà ¼hl, mitleidlos klar  adj.  Ã‚   deutlich, durchsichtig, eindeutig, evident, glasklar, hell, lesbar, luzid, markant, offenbar, przis, rein, sachlich, selbstverstndlich, sonnig, transparent, unmissverstndlich, unzweideutig, verstehbar e Kleidung  n.  Ã‚   e Bekleidung, e Klamotten (pl.,  sl.), e Kleider (pl.), e Tracht, e Wsche klein  adj./adv.  Ã‚   bescheiden, bisschen, diminutiv, dà ¼nn, fein, gering, geringfà ¼gig, gnomenhaft, Klein- (Kleinauto, Kleinasien, Kleingeld, usw.), im Kleinen, kleinbà ¼rgerlich, kleinlich, klitzeklein, kurz, in Miniatur, Mini- (Minibar, usw.), Miniatur- (Miniaturausgabe, usw.), minimal, minuzià ¶s, nicht groß, niedrig, schmal, schwach, sekundr, unwichtig, winzig, zwergenhaft klug  adj./adv.  Ã‚   See  intelligent. kommen  v.  Ã‚   anfahren, angefahren kommen, ankommen, erreichen, fahren, hereinkommen, mitkommen L leicht  adj./adv.  Ã‚   einfach, kinderleicht, nicht schwer, nicht streng, sparsam lustig  adj./adv.  Ã‚   amà ¼sant, amà ¼sierend, amà ¼siert, belustigt, heiter, humoristisch, komisch (Caution! also means odd or strange), spaßhaft, spaßig, spielerisch, ulkig, vergnà ¼glich, witzig, zum Lachen

How to Conjugate Rêver (to Dream) in French

How to Conjugate Rà ªver (to Dream) in French When you want to say she is dreaming or we dreamed in French, youll use the verb  rà ªver. Its a simple word to commit to memory, though youll also need to know its conjugations in order to place it into the present or past tense. A quick lesson will introduce you to the essential forms of  rà ªver  youll need. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ªver Rà ªver is a regular -er verb, which means that its among the easiest French verb conjugations youll find. This group contains the majority of the languages verbs and applies the same endings to each verb stem. That makes each new word you study just a little easier than the previous one. The stem (or radical) of  rà ªver  is  rà ªv-. Knowing that, you can then use the chart to learn which ending needs to be applied to fit both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. As an example,  je rà ªve  means I am dreaming and  nous rà ªverons  means we will dream. Present Future Imperfect je rve rverai rvais tu rves rveras rvais il rve rvera rvait nous rvons rverons rvions vous rvez rverez rviez ils rvent rveront rvaient The Present Participle of  Rà ªver Like all regular verbs, rà ªvers  present participle  is formed with an -ant  ending. This produces the word  rà ªvant, which may also become a noun or adjective in some situations. Rà ªver  in the Compound Past Tense The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common compound past tense that uses the  past participle  rà ªvà ©Ã‚  to indicate that the act of dreaming has already happened. To form it, you will also need the  auxiliary verb avoir, which needs to be conjugated into the subjects present tense. This will result in short phrases such as  jai rà ªvà ©Ã‚  for I dreamt and  nous avons rà ªvà ©Ã‚  for we dreamt. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ªver Among the other simple conjugations youll want to memorize for rà ªver are the subjunctive and the conditional. The former says the dreaming may or may not happen while the latter says its dependent on something else. If you do much reading or writing in French,  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are definitely good to know. These are formal literary tenses that youll want to at least be able to recognize. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rve rverais rvai rvasse tu rves rverais rvas rvasses il rve rverait rva rvt nous rvions rverions rvmes rvassions vous rviez rveriez rvtes rvassiez ils rvent rveraient rvrent rvassent The French imperative  is where all formality is dropped because its for quick and direct expressions. You also get to drop the subject pronoun when using it. Instead of  tu rà ªve, you can simplify it to  rà ªve. Imperative (tu) rve (nous) rvons (vous) rvez

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Leadership - Essay Example Categorizing the culture of company, it can be stated that the culture of the company is Low Performance Culture. High Performance Culture is the one where shared beliefs, attitudes, actions and goals persist whereas Low Performance Culture is opposite of it. The Mission Statement of GameStop Corporation states that the company is less inclined towards High Performance Culture whereas the Vision Statement of the company states its values for its employees, shareholders etc. Out of all these four types of organizational culture, the culture of GameStop is a mix of Create and Compete. The company always focuses on brining something new as the nature of the industry is innovative and competition is very tough. Therefore, in order to keep pace with its competitors, it has to â€Å"Compete† by bringing something new through utilizing â€Å"Create† culture. "Our GameStop, EB Games and Electronics Boutique retail locations set us apart in the industry. Everything that we offer our customers-from our expansive selection of new products, to our knowledgeable associates and our value-added pre-owned products-is geared to deliver customer satisfaction. We complement our store network with GameStop.com and EBgames.com, and publish Game Informer, one of the industrys largest circulation video game magazines." The culture of GameStop supports its Mission Statement but doesn’t support its Vision Statement. In Mission Statement, the company has stated about how customer oriented it is, which is certainly true however in Vision Statement, it has stated about commitment and providing value to its employee and shareholders which is not the case in actual. The company is highly customer oriented and employees are directed to perform as per the requirements and preferences of customers. The culture of the company can be improved only when if it aligns its Vision Statement along with its corporate culture.

Pintex Organics London Ltd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pintex Organics London Ltd - Assignment Example The first problem emerged when the company entered into a contract with Mixurs Ltd to supply it with equipment, but the equipment was found not to be compatible with the installations in the company’s premises, hence, cancellation of the contract. The second major problem concerning the contracts occurred when the negotiations for a contract under which the company would provide catering services to members of the International Olympics Committee collapsed because the parties could not agree on the contract terms. As a result, the company lost the contract and the financial benefits that could have arisen out of it. Therefore, the company needs to ensure that its interests are in tandem with the English contract law. Also, there is need for the company to review its terms of agreement to avoid a situation such as that of Miah where the former director of the company enters into contract with the immediate potential client of the company. In regard to the cancellation of contra ct offered to Mixurs Ltd, it was in order as the company was exercising the right to cancel a contract stated on the Cancellation of Contracts made in a Consumer’s Home or Place of Work Regulations 2008 Act Article 8(1-6) (The National Archives, 2008). However, it would be advisable that the company should exercise caution when entering in contract with other companies when intending to purchase. This will be crucial in ensuring that the company does not incur losses or get substandard equipments (Taylor, 2009, p. 101). Concerning the second scenario where the negotiations between the company and the International Olympics Committee collapsed, it is important that such occurrences should be avoided or minimized in the future. It is no doubt that such a contract would have not only offer the company financial benefits but boost its quest to becoming the leading provider of catering services in the forthcoming 2012 Olympic games. Losing such a contract was not desirable for the company’s business prospects. The company should know that it should not necessarily bid the adequate price but, rather, the consideration should be of sufficient value in the eyes of the law (Keenan, 2006, p. 29). As the Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd (1960) AC 87 showed, the offeror needs to make a consideration that is sufficient and not necessarily adequate (Sealy and Worthington 2010, p. 45). Applying this in the contract might not have afforded Pedro’s company the financial rewards they intended but would have provided them with the opportunity to maintain International Olympic Committee as a client for future services, especially in the forthcoming 2012 Olympics games, hence, more revenues in the future. Apart from that, hosting of such high profile clients would have boosted the reputation of the company thus attracting more clients which will translate to more revenues. It can be argued strongly that Miah was not comfortable with the contract terms of the POL Ltd to International Olympics Committee which he may have seen to cost the company both the revenues and the reputation. He was, thus, convinced that it was more worth to resign from the company’s directorship and open his own restaurant in order to gain benefit from providing services to International Olympics Committee both at that time and in the future. As noted, the company’s other problem arise from the terms of agreement for the

Portrayal Of Social Issues Faced By Women

Portrayal Of Social Issues Faced By Women The aim of this extended essay is to analyze how Patience Agbabi portrays the issues women are faced with in her poem cycle Seven Sisters from her poetry collection Transformatrix and examine the different viewpoints of the main themes presented in the seven poems from the perspective of the poet. This is done by first distinguishing three main topics in the seven poems which are: Teenage pregnancy and prostitution Adolescence and fairytale stereotypes Sexuality, sexual abuse and gender expectations These topics were then thoroughly analyzed by detailed investigation of the poems and additional external sources. With the purpose of understanding the message behind the poems more adequately, an interview with the poet, Patience Agbabi, was organized first by contacting her through www.patienceagbabi.wordpress.com and later by email. The correspondence is attached in the appendix. After an in depth research of the main topics, it was possible to conclude that Patience Agbabi portrayed the women and the social issues in a more unconventional manner by highlighting the virtuous as well as the unpleasant characteristics of the main characters. This is different for example from the media which, influenced by society, typically only presents only one point of view and thus disregards the opinions of the people who actually suffer from the social issues discussed in this essay. Introduction Patience Agbabi is a British poet born in London in 1965 to Nigerian parents. She was educated at Oxford Univeristy and published the poetry collection, named Transformatrix, in 2000. This extended essay will analyze seven sestina poems from that collection, suitably called the Seven Sisters, which are a truthful interpretation of the poets view on women and the many challenges they go through. With each of the seven women representing a different time and type of life, Patience Agbabi has given a very interesting depiction of the transformation of women through time. The issues in the poems vary a great deal. The main topics discussed are teenage pregnancy and prostitution, adolescence and fairytale stereotypes, and sexuality, sexual abuse and gender expectations. In her poems Patience Agbabi tries to break the stereotypes of women that have formed from years and years of misunderstanding and lack of interest to know the other side of the story. It is interesting to see that even th ough a feminist, the poet does not depict the women in the seven poems in an extremely positive or ideal manner; the characters are all authentic and with flaws, as it is in real life, which is exactly the reason why they are so intriguing to read. Instead of the worn out depictions of the topics in the poems, Agbabi tries to explore a different viewpoint and widen the understanding of for example transvestites, lesbians or rebellious teenagers. The poet uses one of the most difficult forms of poetry to master, the sestina, to emphasize the most important aspects in each poem. A sestina is a highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by its envoy. The same set of six words ends the lines of each of the stanzas, but in a different order each time  [1]  . The six repetitive word are time, girl, end, child, boy, dark each of these representing the central themes of the poems and combining the Seven Sisters together. In whole the question this essay aims to answer is: How does Patience Agbabi portray the issues women are faced with in her poem cycle Seven Sisters? Teenage pregnancy and prostitution Teenage pregnancy has been a problem throughout history, the only difference being that nowadays it is much more talked about and there are actual measures taken to relieve the situation. During the Second World War however, which is also the time frame for the first poem Martina  [2]  , the situation was much worse and the problem was ignored or denied. As described in the poem, the war had a horrific effect on people as most were living in constant fear, thinking only about the outcome of the confrontation. With the men sent to battle, the women had to provide for themselves and for many it meant getting a job and working long hours for the first time in their lives. It is to no surprise then, that some women resorted to easier ways to keep their previous lifestyle and at the same time help the war-effort. The so called victory girls or khaki-wackies provided respectable companionship for military men: they wrote letters, played cards, danced with them and eventually ended up c arrying their children as a result of imprudence.  [3]  In the poem Martina, the difference between the two manners of behaviour is described by the fact that in the time of fear and despair, when women had to work hard and food was in very short supply, the so called khaki-wackies had a much more glamorous lifestyle, at least on the outside: .. But we were weekend disciples, evacuees scared of dark nights pierced with blitzkrieg pyrotechnics, child- like, clinging to mothers skirt. She found time to party in new nylons, good-time girl growing voluptuous from man and boy, on chocolate and plum brandy. I was tomboy  [4]   In reality they were non-professional prostitutes, girls who resorted to more straight-forward measures to survive the turbulent and uncertain times. In the last three stanzas of the poem, Agbabi describes the very typical outcome of such behaviour, which was pregnancy. As the V-girls were in majority young girls raging from the age of 12 to 17, teenage pregnancy rate was for example in the United States higher in the 1940s than it is now.  [5]   . We all knew she was expecting a child. In those days we all expected the boy to marry her. But it being wartime, too soon his two-month leave came to an end. Her father threw her out into pitch-dark Novembers clutches with words No girl of mine She gave birth to a baby girl, Martina. They wanted to put the child up for adoption. .   [6]   In these lines the poet also explains the misconception people had about the lifestyle of such girls. It was expected that the soldiers would marry the girl they got pregnant, but the reality was quite different. Majority of the men had no intention to take responsibility, and even when they did walk down the aisle, the marriages usually ended when the war was over. The girls were left behind, pregnant and rejected by the society, with no other option than to resort to illegal abortion, give the child up for adoption or try to raise their newborn alone.  [7]  The women could not expect help from their families as it was considered unforgivable to have a child born out of wedlock. The media portrayed them as people who only had themselves to blame for their situation, but the poem Martina evokes rather sympathy than dismay for the character, especially with the last lines: . In time, she got married for the childs sake, a boy- next-door type; and in time I met a girl with sloe-dark eyes and loved her till the end.  [8]   Patience Agbabi herself says that: The conversational first person narrative invites the reader to identify with these women, to enjoy their spirit and wit, to empathise with them in spite of their morals.  [9]  Throughout the poem and especially in the end, the narrator is more intrigued and fascinated by the victory girl, rather than being appalled. In my opinion it reflects that in many ways the V-girls were envied for their seemingly glamorous lifestyle and their free-spirited nature, by other, more conservative, women during that time. The other poem in the collection, that has the central themes of teenage pregnancy, prostitution and also sexual abuse is Samantha  [10]  . Unlike Martina, the life of Samantha takes place at a more modern time. The poem deals mostly with prostitution, but once again it is not from the very typical viewpoint, as the womans positive characteristics are equally emphasized with her short-comings. The poem also gives more insight to one of the reasons behind prostitution and from that also teenage pregnancy. They cant see my bump in the dark. I work Stamford Hill mostly. My first time was 96. We was really broke. Boy from the local estate. Dealer. The girls put me up to it. Once I got over the taste it was childs play. Sucked him like an ice lolly in June. We call it making ends meet.   [11]   In this stanza, the prostitute is talking about why she first got started with her line of work, and as for most girls, it is usually about financial problems and a lack of education or opportunities to find a proper job. According to Claire Sterk: money, history of sexual abuse, having grown up without love from the significant adults in their lives and being enticed by a male of female friend or by peer pressure from a group of friends are the main reasons behind prostitution.  [12]  All of those are also mentioned in the poem Samantha. When comparing Samantha to Martina then their one similarity is pregnancy, what is different, is the two womens perception of the situations. In Martina, the girl is punished for her situation and considers putting the child up for adoption. In Samantha, the prostitute has a much more positive attitude towards the fact that she has a child. ..Id die if anything happened to my kid. A child keeps you sane. ..  [13]   Even though only taking place 20 to 30 years later, the outlook on the situation had transformed, and prostitutes at that time felt like they had the right and freedom of talking about their lives without shame of what others may think. What is interesting about the poem is the fact that Samantha herself does not seem to be too disturbed about the way her life has turned out, she seems foolishly hopeful that things might change for the better. The fact is however, that the reasons that first dragged the woman into prostitution are not likely to just disappear. In an interview with the Guardian journalist, Emine Saner, a long-time sex worker told Saner that she would like to be able to stop working, but does not know how else to manage financially  [14]  . The importance of this poem and also Martina is the fact that even though both women have a distorted sense of morals, the reader can not help but feel somewhat sorry for the characters and therefore enabling them to see teenage pregnancy and prostitution in a different light than usually portrayed by the media. Adolescence and fairytale stereotypes According to Patience Agbabi herself, exploring childhood moving into adolescence is one of her favourite themes. As every person has been a kid in the past and can say that puberty is a very emotional time of a persons life, it is therefore no surprise that adolescence is an interesting topic for all writers and poets. In a life of a usual teenager, adolescence is the time of first love, discovering sexuality and for most girls the realisation of the truth behind fairytale stereotypes. One of my personal favourites, Agbabis poem The Tiger  [15]  is an excellent portrayal of a rebellious teenage girl who is just on her journey of discovering what life as an adult is actually like. Majority of young girls have a huge misconception about adulthood, mainly concerning romance. Tracy loves Darren. It was girl power, 1979. He was my aerosol boy and the swelling inscription, my lifebuoy. We lasted a month.  [16]   In the poem, the young girl gets a tattoo with the name of her first love. It is a very truthful depiction of young people s understanding of love, as they think it will last forever just like the tattoo. The reality of the situation hits youngsters usually when they gain more independence and responsibilities, which also marks the end of their puberty. The Tiger shows the ordeal in an emotional and familiar way, thus making the reader feel the angst of puberty once again. In modern society, adolescence is widely discussed, as parents seem more and more clueless of what to do when their child is behaving in a rebellious matter. By giving the reader an insight to the girls point of view, Agbabi once again enables people to see the problem from a new angle. It takes an hour to obliterate girl meets boy a minute for childhood to end, and for dark blue to fade to grey, a lifetime.   [17]   With the final stanza of the poem, Agbabi emphasizes again the fact that emotions and situations that all seemed so important during years of puberty, mean very little when compared to the rest of a persons life. The second poem in Agbabis collection that also deals with the problems of fairytale stereotyping and more generally, youngsters misconception of the life ahead, is Leila  [18]  . This poem is mostly depicting the usual dream of a little girl, in her early years of adolescence, when she dreams about charming princes and extraordinary weddings. This delusion has been created by entertainment industry, as children are exposed to more and more cartoons, films and toys in a very early age. The idea behind this is to influence the children into wanting all sorts of consumer goods, but in addition these movies and toys give the young children a distorted view of life which in later years may prove to be a major obstacle on their way of living a fulfilled life. Developmental ps ychologists have long identified the fact that playing has a crucial affect on a childs development. During play children communicate with their world and internalize elements of society, such as norms, values, and adult roles. Childrens toys have a huge effect on their development of self-image and their concept of the society one of the fundamental tasks of childhood and adolescence  [19]  . It is to no surprise then, that the poet has chosen this topic as it sheds light and explains another group of women, who are suffering from some kind of social issue. dreaming all night of her shoe-shine boy, their diamond wedding, that happy end- ing. If she were a time shed be midnight, when each child paints the dark with fantasy, when girls become women, boys become men and Once upon a time becomes The End.  [20]   The last stanza of the poem is showing exactly Agbabis point that eventually all people grow up and with that they also have to grow out of fairytales. No fairytale ever shows the life of the protagonists after the happily ever after, and therefore having unrealistic expectations in ones adulthood to, for example, have a relationship that can be compared to a classical fairytale, is a dream that in reality will never come true. The two poems of adolescence and fairytale stereotypes are not only instructive for the young girls and women who are faced with the issue, but also for those who as observers may not have completely understood or recognized it as a social issue before. Sexuality, sexual abuse and gender expectations Sexuality is most definitely the most controversial and most covered topic that the poet has examined in her poem collection Seven Sisters. Patience Agbabi, being a bisexual herself, gives a very interesting and somewhat perceptive portrayal of a vast variety of different women and their sexualities. Not only does she discuss the sexualities of the women themselves, but also gender expectations amongst mothers, who also wish for their child to be of certain sex. According to researchers children are increasingly more aware of their sexuality from an early age, for example according to the research of 2004 by the Guttmacher Institute, 46% of teens in the United States between ages of 15-19 have had sex at least once  [21]  . It is to no surprise then that sexuality is such a talked about topic around the world these days. The problem with young children and their sexuality is briefly discussed in the poems Martina  [22]  and The Tiger  [23]  . In the poem The Tiger, Agbab i writes about the protagonist losing her virginity at a very young age, and thus also losing her childhood. In Martina, the main character is presumably around the age of 16, but has to grow up fast, and therefore get in touch with her sexual side, because of the war. The more controversial part of sexuality in Martina is the fact that even though the character is heterosexual, the narrator is a lesbian, as said by the poet.  [24]  Sexual orientation has a very big part to play in our sense of who we are and exactly where we belong. Even though no-one chooses their sexual orientation, there are still millions of people who are strongly against homosexuality, or bisexuality for that matter. As a close to heart topic for Agbabi, she chooses a very different angle to express her feelings about the social issue concerning sexuality. In her poem Ms de Meanour  [25]  , the narrator who is also the main character in the poem, is a drag queen and in lively fashion talks about her l ife of behaving like a woman, even though actually being a man. Time for boy meets girl in the mirror and wild child bitch with a dick from Crouch End becomes Wild West End diva with dark luscious lashes. .  [26]   In my opinion the poet is trying to draw a comparison between transvestites and gay people, as both are hiding their true personality and sexuality for the benefit and content of others. Drag queens dress and act as women, for the purpose of entertaining or performing. Homosexual people, on the other hand, need to sometimes hide their preferences from other in fear of public condemnation. In the beginning of the 21st century, violence against homosexual population was increasing, even the only wrong they have done is just have the courage to show difference from the majority  [27]  . Fortunately during the last couple of years, the situation has improved, as for example in many countries and in some states in Unites States, same-sex marriages are allowed and recognized by the government. Very closely connected with this topic, is gender expectations which is another theme in Agbabis poems. Centuries ago, it was crucial for a family to have a son, for the very obvious reason that a son is stronger and was more helpful around the house. Not only are there expectations about the gender of the child before it is born, but also after. Parents assume their children to grow up and follow the manner of behaviour that is acceptable by the society. For a heterosexual couple, who have certain expectations for their child, depending on the kids sex, it is probably quite disturbing to accept if the child turns out to be homosexual for example. The poem The Earth Mother  [28]  , is set in a fairytale time of Once upon a time, where an old woman craves for a son and is initially disappointed, when the child she had already named Boy turned out to be a girl. Old Woman named it Boy and dreamt earth, wind and fire, better times And here the tale would end if little girls could truly tame the dark and little boys were really boys, not girls. Old Woman woke and saw her baby Boy was girl and being wise, gave praise and raised this girl-child .  [29]   The poem is a fascinating approach to the subject, as the Old Woman represents most parents who wish their child to grow up a certain way they have imagined. It is also educational, as in the poem even though preliminary shocked to find out that things had not gone as planned, the Old Woman still raised the child without any complaints or regrets. In my opinion, Agbabi is trying to convince the reader that even when a child does not grow up according to certain gender expectations, it is no excuse to repel person s own flesh and blood. A more terrifying theme of sexuality in Agbabis poems is child sexual abuse, which she writes about in the poem Samantha  [30]  , where the character is a young 14 year old girl, who was raped by her step-father and consequently became a prostitute. Sexual abuse between adults and children, and moreover between siblings, is unfortunately not a passing issue in todays society. In 1994, 46% of all rape cases reported, were victims of their family members.  [31]   Pervs. Like my stepdad. I was still a child when he did it. Told her I was sleeping with boys but she walked in on us that lunchtime, and called me a whore. Jealous bitch. I left that weekend. Fourteen, and still scared of the dark.  [32]   One of the most disturbing facts about child sexual abuse is that in some occasions, the parents of the children dont believe when their child tells them about the rape or accuse the child of being seductive and asking for being raped. In those cases, the parent is usually more concerned about the relationship with the abuser than the well-being of their child. Therefore it is no surprise, that after such ordeal, these children end up running away from home and when reaching adulthood suffer from low self-esteem, sexual dysfunction, difficulties with having a healthy relationships, depression, substance abuse and so on.  [33]  The frankness of the main character in the poem, shows the reader the outcome of sexual abuse without any buffers, in its purest form which has proven to be the most efficient way to get people acknowledge the seriousness of the situation and do something about one of the most horrific problems women have to go through in their lives. Conclusion Patience Agbabi is a true-hearted feminist, who in her poem collection Seven Sisters writes about some of the most common social issues women are faced with, without taking sides. In her own words: As a feminist, when I started out as a writer there was a political pressure not to let the side down. Women were seeking equality and you had a duty as a writer to show women in the best possible light. But by this second book, I let art rather than politics lead the way.  [34]  Even though there were many bigger and smaller issues discussed in the poems, the themes that prevailed and seemed to be most close to heart for the poet, were teenage pregnancy and prostitution, adolescences and fairytale stereotypes and lastly sexuality, sexual abuse and gender expectations. The way of portraying issues that are exceedingly talked about, making them sound innovative and interesting, and in addition finding something new to teach in all of the situations is what makes the poems beautiful and absolutely worth reading. Patience Agbabi draws the reader in with writing in first person narrative and therefore lets the reader to identify with these women and the difficulties they face. Teenage pregnancy and prostitution are often discussed from the viewpoint of the general media but what a regular person does not hear often about is the other side of the story, the truth about the situation. As the poet mentioned herself, she is not trying to idealize these women or justify their behaviour and morals, but rather give the reader a change to make up their own decision about the characters. This applies to all of the themes and characters discussed in Seven Sisters. As a whole the collection serves as a quick study book for anyone interested in women their problems, their views on society and how the society views them and most importantly it allows the reader to analyse the information without any outside influence, thus coming to a conclusion that has its bases on the persons own views rather than the views of someone else. Sources Patience Agbabi Transformatrix Edinburgh: Payback Press. 2000. Marilyn Hegarty Victory Girls, Khaki-Wackies and Patriotutes: The regulation of female sexuality during World War II New York: NYU Press. 2007. Claire Sterk Tricking And Tripping, Prostitution In The Era Of AIDS New York: Social Change Press. 2000. Ken Moore Anti-lesbian, Gay, Transgender and Bisexual Violence in 2000 New York: National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs.2001. Kluft Incest-Related Syndromes of Adult Psychopathology Washington: American Psyhiatric Press.1990. Penelope Maza Adoption Trends: 1944-1975 US Childrens Bureau.1984. Emine Saner Youre consenting to being raped for money Guardian.11th December 2007. http://www.eduqna.com/Words-Wordplay/841-1-words-4.html http://www.public.asu.edu/~kleong/adolescents%20barbie.pdf http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-ATSRH.html http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewerDocumentID=32315 Seven Sisters Unveiled FORM DICTATING CONTENT I discovered the sestina quite by accident. I was well known for being a Janis Joplin fan, the 60s rock star who lived fast and died young of a heroin overdose. I was particularly mesmerised by her rendition of Ball and Chain, a blues number she performed at the Monteray pop festival in 1967. The friend gave me a copy of a poem called You Cant Rhumboogie in a Ball and Chain (for Janis Joplin). It was written by Alice Fulton, a poet Id never heard of. The poem really captured Janis spirit and I loved it. I also loved the way the words seemed to dance around each other. Of course, what I was responding to subliminally was the form of the poem, the form known as the sestina. So what is a sestina? Like many poetic forms it has musical roots. It was invented by Arnaud Daniel (whom Dante considered the best wordsmith). The form was originally sung by the top class troubadours, those who could master the intricate form. The sestina is still seen as the most difficult form to master in modern How to Write Poetry books. Basically, you have six words which appear in a set order at the end of each line. You have six stanzas of six lines each and a final stanza of three lines. It makes more sense when you see it on the page so heres one I prepared earlier, the first one I wrote: WRITING THE SEQUENCE A poet friend from the US, Samantha Coerbell, reintroduced me to the sestina by giving me the six end words, time, girl, end, child, boy, dark. They immediately suggested to me a poem about the passing of time, adolescence, coming of age with dark undertones. I didnt analyse it too closely. One day I went to the Poetry Library in London with a couple of hours to spare. I decided to write a sestina. It was supposed to be difficult but I believed it couldnt be that hard. I managed to write something I was reasonably pleased with in that two hours. It made sense and it has a story line. I knew it was a first draft that needed more work but it was a pretty good first draft as first drafts go. Like the Alice Fulton poem, I also adhered to 10-syllable lines. Traditional English sestinas are written in iambic pentameter. I enjoyed the writing experience, using the word repetitions as a form of rhyme and thought: WHAT IF 100 people got given the same six end words. Imagine the difference in the poems theyd produce. Yet each poem would have a relationship to the next due the set repetition of the end words. Each poem would perform the same dance to a different tune. I then decided to embark on the Seven Sisters project. I gave myself a year but eventually found myself writing one sestina a month. I wanted sufficient gaps between poems so theyd be very different.