Paper Recycling - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1493 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Environment Essay Level High school Topics: Recycling Essay Did you like this example? Paper Recycling Paper recycling is the process of recovering used papers for reuse in the production of new paper products. Waste papers may be obtained from the discarded paper material after consumer use. Recycling of many different products has been there for many years since recycling has been found to be cheaper than creating the virgin product. Paper recycling has been put in place as a way of curbing waste paper disposal. The aim of paper recycling is to conserve raw materials used in production, reduce energy use and reduce paper dumping effects on the environment. Paper recycling brings about environmental importance. Recycling makes the environment clean. Wastes have a wide range of negative impacts on the natural environment. It reduces greenhouse effects (Worrell and Reuter).Trees absorb carbon dioxide in the environment, and if more trees are cut down, there will be a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the air which in the long run brings about the greenhouse effect which may lead to diseases that can bring threat to a human for example asthma, respiratory allergies and air diseases. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Paper Recycling" essay for you Create order Paper recycling reduces pollution and avoids landfills. If paper materials are carelessly discarded, our environment will be filthy, and some papers will even be released into water sources like rivers and lakes bringing about water pollution (Schaub). This endangers aquatic lives like fish, crocodiles and plants also this can bring about diseases to a human for example cholera and typhoid. Also, domestic animals may be affected if they go take the polluted water directly mainly the cattle, sheep, and goats. On the other hand, if we decide to discard waste paper by burning them, air pollution will be the result which has an effect on both plants and human lives for example in human can result in lung cancer, asthma, respiratory disorders. Recycling paper also saves on space in landfills for other wastes that cannot be recycled hence this automatically save land for other purposes like farming in plants this lead to acid rain which affects the vegetation, and when human consume the same, it affects them negatively. Paper recycling saves on energy and water. During paper production, a lot of water and energy is used. The energy required for the first step of cutting trees to making pulp out of them is so much as compared to the energy required to make pulp out of waste papers (Worrell and Reuter). Research shows that recycling one ton waste paper saves energy capable of powering six American homes for six months and around seven thousand gallons of water this may add value to ones countrys economy for example the saved water can be used for other purposes like irrigation and there will be enough water supply for households also the spared energy can be supplied for other purposes like supplying to areas where there is shortage. Recycling conserves natural resources. If the paper is recycled, it means fewer trees will be cut down to make pulp used in paper production. Conservation of natural resources has been the goal of many environmentalists due to the limited supply of these resources; most countries are working towards the minimal use of these resources. From this human beings and wild animals can enjoy the advantages associated with trees, for example, trees act as windbreakers and are homes to some animals also trees bring about rain hence farming will be easy to perform. Paper dumping has several effects on the environment. The main effect associated with paper dumping is pollution. Paper pollution is a serious problem resulting from waste paper disposal. Paper and pulp making are among the top five pollutants in the world. During the production of paper, chlorine used in bleaching paper is released to water sources, air and soil; this causes soil toxicity hence farming will be affected, some microorganisms in the soil may die due to this. When paper decomposes, it emits methane gas which is more harmful than carbon dioxide. Deforestation is one of the effects associated with the careless use of paper this may lead to minimal or no rain and hence farming may be negatively affected also there will be no enough supply of fresh air which is associated with oxygen. Everyday trees are cut down for different reasons, and if people decide to plant a tree for each cut-down, it will take a long time before they grow big enough to serve their purposes. The paper and pulp industry are among the big contributors of deforestation and can be partly blamed for the global warming effect and for the extinction of some species of animals that live in the forest. Some indigenous trees have become extinct due to deforestation; these trees are mostly hardwood which is disparately needed for furniture making and construction purposes, some trees bring about tourism hence if depleted will cause problems in the sector. In North America, many paper companies are modifying their processes to reduce waste paper and curb paper pollution. One of the main solutions is paper recycling. The process of reusing waste papers helps save on tree cutting, careless discarding of waste paper and generally saves on the energy and water required in the production of new paper products. It also reduces pollution caused by paper mills especially if they are producing bleached paper (Waltham). The American, Environmental Protection Agency, has found out that paper recycling causes 35% water pollution and 74% less air pollution than making virgin paper. To deal with paper waste, it is encouraged that people take advantage of the current technology. With the availability of smartphones, computers, and tablets the use of paper can be reduced. Notes and important documents can be stored in them and can only be printed out when need be. Students can also read their notes on their phones and laptops (Edward). These help in reducing a lot of paperwork which might be carelessly disposed at the end of their use. In the office, paper can be recycled. For example, if one side of a paper has been used, you can assemble the papers then pin them together to make a notebook on the unused side instead of throwing them away (Schaub).In the same sense printed notes and research notes can be well stored and passed down to the next generation so that in future the same material does not have to be printed again. These can prevent up to 50% paper dumping and pollution and also saves some money for other uses hence add some value to the economy. Moreover, colleagues in the office can adopt the use of email for communication rather than having to write letters to their workers. This makes works easier for the employees. Employers can also keep records and information on office computers to avoid the use of manual means which is mainly paperwork (Kato, Yasuhiro, and Takao). Colleges and schools can also adopt the same, teachers and tutors can communicate with parents and students through mobile phones and emails to reduce the amount of paperwork. To curb paper waste and dumping countries like Australia and the United States have implemented high anti-dumping import duties on paper from Indonesia, this has increased the demand for recycled paper manufactured from its own countries (Press). This, overall, reduces the amount of waste paper being disposed of hence pollution of the environment is reduced. Finally, as a consumer of paper products, consumers can go further in reducing waste paper dumping by the way they use and dispose of paper waste. Individuals are encouraged to throw waste papers into recycle bins, buy products with least paper packaging since millions of dollars are spent in making the packages which at the end land in the garbage (Yacob, Melissa, and Hanafiah). Consumers can also take part in encouraging entrepreneurs to engage in business activities that follow environmentally friendly practices. There are many views on paper recycling process. Some of the views include the cost of the process, the effectiveness of the process, the benefits of the process to both people and the environment and the process recycling as a method of curbing global warming. From the discussion on the advantages of paper recycling, it can be concluded that the benefits by far overdo the challenges during the process. All people involved in the use of paper products should, therefore, work towards an environmentally friendly method of recycling waste paper. Works Cited BAJPAI, DR P. R. A. T. I. M. A. Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper. S.l.: ELSEVIER, 2017. Print. Kato, Yukitaka, Michihisa Koyama, Yasuhiro Fukushima, and Takao Nakagaki. Energy Technology Roadmaps of Japan: Future Energy Systems Based on Feasible Technologies Beyond 2030., 2016. Internet resource Press, Daniel. American Environmental Policy: The Failures of Compliance, Abatement, and Mitigation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd, 2015. Internet resource. Schaub, T. Ecai 2014. IOS Press, 2014. Internet resource. Yacob, Nor A, Mesliza Mohamed, and Hanafiah M. A. K. Megat. Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (rcstss 2014): Science and Technology., 2016. Internet resource.

Essay about Critical Book Review - 1170 Words

Critical Book Review Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Michelle Beel Liberty University Psych 307 Summary Dr. Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† gives insight to those who suffer from sexual addiction and to the families, friends and other people in their lives. Dr. Mark Lasser has chosen to write this book, to share with others his personal struggle and victory with sexual addiction. Dr. Lasser has written this book from a Christian view, to give other individuals hope in a difficult and growing disease, which is taking control and destroying our families. Lasser defines sexual addiction as â€Å"a sickness involving any type of uncontrollable sexual activity, and because the addict cannot control his†¦show more content†¦Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† there are 4 major themes being explored, Part One: What is Sexual Addiction? 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The Evolution of Total Quality Management Free Essays

Until the industrial revolution in the mid 18th century, most goods were custom made. Industrialisation brought about a fundamental shift from cottage industry production to large scale manufacturing. Simultaneously, industrial activity underwent extensive mechanisation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Total Quality Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now As explained by Ho, ‘craftsmen were diminishing and being replaced by mass production and repetitive work practices.’ The aim with the new industrial era was to produce large numbers of the same product which required processes to be put in place to control quality as it could not be left up to individuals. Cali explains that the shift away from the production of goods by individual craftsmen bought about the introduction of the assembly line between 1900 and1940 in America where products passed consecutively through various operations. Cali describes how ‘Standardisation became the trend’ adding that the prevailing management thinking at this time centred around keeping jobs simple and under close supervision. The expectation was that workers would meet standards only if closely supervised. The 2nd world war played a key role in the evolution of TQM. Factories geared up for mass production and were split into functional departments. At the end of the war, America undertook the rebuilding of Japan’s shattered economy. Amongst the many Americans that were sent to Japan to support this effort was Dr W Edwards Deming. He was instrumental in convincing the Japanese to adopt the principles of industrial efficiency and thus the development of the TQM theory was born. He advocated a climate of ‘continuous improvement’. â€Å"Listen to me† Deming told the Japanese â€Å"†¦and in 5 yrs you will be competing with the West. Keep listening and soon the West will be demanding protection from you†. Using his TQM principles, firstly with manufacturing and then to sales and other areas, the Japanese gradually developed their own version of TQM so that by the 1970s, they had begun to dominate some of the manufacturing markets. Deming believed they had done this because they had learned a fundamental principle of TQM that was summed up by Deming: â€Å"Nobody except the Japanese understand that as you improve quality, you also improve productivity.† During the 1970s, American’s position as the world’s foremost industrial power had begun to decline. For example, the U.S. share of the manufacturing market in 1970 was down to 17% from a high in the 1950s of 35% (Cali pg16). Brown believes that the reason for this decline can be partly explained by the way American companies practised the art of inspections in manufacturing products whilst their Japanese counterparts embraced the TQM consumer needs messages promoted by quality gurus including Feigenbaum who promoted the principle that â€Å"The total composite product and service characteristics †¦ through which the product or service in use will meet the expectation of the customer† (Feigenbaum in Brown et al, 2000, pg 194). The reaction by American firms to the success of Japanese was to adopt more of the principles taught by the American TQM gurus. Cali describes how ‘Many American companies achieved success by refocusing their attention on quality and by making satisfied customers their top priority.’ During the early days of manufacturing, inspections were seen as the best way to insure quality within a business. Ho explains that this is a process by which an operative’s work was inspected on a frequent bases and a decision was made on whether or not the individuals work was at a high enough standard. At the time this was seen as an acceptable way of insuring quality in a business, it become larger as the business grew and it created many inspection jobs. However, often as a business progresses, problems can be more advanced and therefore require more technical skill which quite often inspectors did not have due to a lack of training. This resulted in inspectors ignoring problems with products in order to increase output, which obviously led to poor products giving the business a bad image. So gradually, during the post-war years (as Cali explains) â€Å"†¦ a sea change began taking place in American management philosophy.† as managers began to understand that work of employees needed to be acknowledged and that workers needed to be consulted if quality was to be improved. In Deming’s book ‘Out of the Crisis’ he explains in his fourteen principles that inspection is not the way forward if a businesses is to ensure quality. He says â€Å"Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for massive inspection by building quality into the product in the first place† It is around the time that we begin to see the emergence of quality assurance with more emphasis focused on the training and development of staff, recording of data and the accuracy in which things were measured. Brown et all describes how â€Å"In the 1980s, leading-edge corporations sparked a revolution as they implemented Total Quality programmes across entire organisations. In such a programme the responsibility for quality is with the whole workforce. Each employee is responsible for the quality of their own job, their own actions. It could be said that responsibility for quality lies with 100% of the workforce. Another TQM guru, Joseph Juran also influenced the thinking at this time by promoting the need for education and training in the workforce so there is no need for inspection. He added that quality should be about â€Å"Fitness for purpose or use†. By the 1990s, TQM was becoming the buzz word in the global business world. Cali says in his introduction to TQM that â€Å"TQM is destined to become one of the most frequently used acronyms of the 1990s.† He went on to say that growing numbers of CEOs in the USA and abroad believed that TQM was the â€Å"†¦wave of the future.† Part of the evolution of TQM practice was the use of statistical quality control. This was quality control by using statistical methods. It was first introduced by an American physicist and statistician called Walter A. Stewart, famously known as the ‘father of statistical control’. His work was later progressed by Deming who applied statistical control methods in America during World War 2; he applied his methods to many strategically important products thus improving the quality and output of manufacturing. The term Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals in modern quality management practice. An example of this method is Six Sigma. According to Motorola: â€Å"Six Sigma has evolved over the last two decades and so has its definition.† The UK Department for Trade Industry explains that â€Å"Six sigma is a data driven method for achieving near perfect quality†. According to Berger, Six Sigma which began in 1986 as a statistically based method to reduce variation in electronic manufacturing processes in Motorola Inc is now considered to be the most popular TQM method in the history of TQM. Six sigma is an enormous brand in the world of corporate development. Today, more than 20 years on, Six Sigma is used as an all encompassing business performance methodology, all over the world, in organisations as diverse as local government departments, hospitals, banks and multi national co operations. The establishment of modern day TQM tools and technologies such as Six Sigma brings the evolution of TQM full circle. We’ve seen that quality evolution has become the quality revolution. In a relatively short time many companies have chosen quality as a strategic goal. As noted in Tom Peters’ and Nancy Austin’s seminal work, A Passion for Excellence, explains that ‘†¦. winners compete by delivering a product that supplies superior value, rather than one that costs less’ We’ve seen from the Japanese that a focus on quality can bring success in terms of market share and profits. Companies in the West such as M S and Mercedes Benz have shown that improved market share comes from doing the right things, all the time. Crosby very interestingly emphasizes the principle of â€Å"doing it right the first time† which means instead of having an inspection on quality, just make sure it is already up to scratch. Cali believes that the ‘process of continued improvement’ was a key stage in the evolution of TQM. He suggests that the Japanese consider quality an integral part of product and process design. Cali adds â€Å"In the United States 20-25% of production cost goes to the quality assurance personnel who find and correct mistakes. In Japan, only 3 per cent of production cost is spent this way.† Cali explains that the Japanese use TQM methods by assigning the in-process inspection to individual production workers who complete elementary statistical analyses and are authorised to take basic corrective action. â€Å"The result is greater individual pride in workmanship and higher employee motivation† says Cali. . Surely this is the essence of TQM and brings the evolution of TQM full circle? In conclusion, this discussion has attempted to explain how the evolution of TQM can be traced back to the early days of the industrial revolution with its principles of inspection and focus on measuring the product to the sophisticated systems for improving and managing quality which we have come to know today. The key point to conclude with is that the change in quality management culture from ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ to ‘if it ain’t perfect, continue to improve it’ was not sequential nor was it down to an individual guru or country but as this discussion has outlined it evolved more through a combination of developments in inspections, quality control, quality assurance and ultimately in the way these processes were managed and delivered. How to cite The Evolution of Total Quality Management, Essay examples